Evaluating the Thyroid Gland and its Diseases section includes useful information into the anatomy and functions of the thyroid gland; the thyroid neoplasm and its most challenging type, the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma; the use and technical peculiarities of thyroglobulin dosages and fine aspiration citology. In addition, important articles approach basic aspects of thyroid carcinogenesis, namely growth factors, angiogenesis, and the importance of estrogen signaling on thyrocyte proliferation