JavaScript is at a turning point. The language and those who program with it have matured. People are starting to realize that it is a complex subject, worthy of further study. Design patterns have been used in programming for years. They were first formally documented in Design Patterns by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides (affectionately known as the Gang of Four) and have been applied to countless object-oriented languages. Part of the appeal of design patterns is that they can be used uniformly over many different languages and syntaxes. The basic structure stays the same; only the details change. It is fairly easy,.