In open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, residual cancer relates with PSA failure. RTURPCa is probably less invasive than radical prostatectomy and more flexible in the point that the second operation can be indicated and easily done to eliminate residual cancer when PSA shows a successive rise. The second RTUR-PCa was required in 46 patients. But this is considered just a technical issue because the need for the second operation has decreased as the surgeon has become experienced. There were no malignancies reported by pathologists in 13 out of 46 cases, although it is not clear whether cancer did not actually exist or missed to be detected in.
