Recent introduction of PSA into the health check up program in Japan resulted in a marked increase of patients with early stage prostate cancer. These patients were treated until now by open or laparoscopic prostatectomy, irradiation therapy including external beam irradiation and brachytherapy, hormonal therapy, watchful waiting and high intensity focused ultrasound. From the present study with the longest follow-up patients of 6 years, RTUR-PCa can be an effective treatment option for the radical treatment of prostate cancer, although the results of much longer follow up with more cases remain to be studied. To avoid the possibility of overdiagnosis and/or overtreatment, less invasive focal TURPCa, can be also.
