Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801–2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published Electronic Aids to Navigation 1986 Reprinted 1988 Second edition published as Electronic Aids to Navigation: Position Fixing 1991 Third edition 2001 © L. Tetley and D. Calcutt 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some.