However, and in particular in children, it is unclear whether non-enzyme-inducing AED monotherapy (lamotrigine, sulthiame) or minimal enzyme-inducing AED monotherapy (oxcarbazepine) seem to have any adverse effects on linear growth or to cause vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy children with epilepsy (Luef & Rauchenzauner, 2008). In contrast to adults, there is controversy over the association of chronic AED use with an increased incidence of fractures in children (Souverein et al, 2005; Petty, et al, 2007). Recent studies suggest lower BMD in adults and children with epilepsy, irrespective of AED treatment (Pack, 2008; Sheth et al, 2008a, 2008b; Pack & Walczak, 2008; Sheth & Hermann, 2008)
