It is important that cord blood transplantation is one of the risk factors of symptomatic adenoviremia (Robin et al., 2007), which develops to acute renal failure in the terminal stage (Abe T et al., 2009). At present, there is no established consensus about the treatment for acute renal failure induced by adenovirus after stem cell transplantation. This chapter focuses on the recent advances in diagnosis, mostly due to the development of molecular methods, and therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, this chapter is intended to promote a consensus about the methods of early diagnosis and the treatment for this disease
