Further development of banding techniques and study of prometaphase chromosomes facilitated better identification of these variations with high resolution. Culturing of free amniocytes was another breakthrough that allowed the identification of chromosomal abnormalities associated with birth defects. These classical cytogenetic techniques became mandatory for several clinical conditions and were adopted by many laboratories as a routine. Later with the adoption of molecular biology techniques especially the hybridisation technique, the field of cytogenetics transformed itself into the field of “molecular cytogenetics”
