Reporting that rare species are more abundant on larger islands, they make the case for greater conservation efforts on larger islands. In the next chapter, Hugo Mejía-Madrid evaluates the roles of heterochrony and ecological fitting in the evolution of helminth fish parasites. Contrary to expectations, helminth speciation lags substantially behind that of their hosts, tending to occur in pulses associated with continent jumps among hosts. Next in this section, Toshiharu Mita et al. combine life history, range analysis, and mitochondrial genetic analyses to explain the puzzling processes through which wingless dryinid wasps from continental Asia have colonized the Pacific islands of Japan and Taiwan. Last in this section, Raúl.