First, clinicians have not been able to grasp the true conditions under which neuroprotection is possible. Clinicians (or maybe the drug industry?) have been blinded by the illusion that a simple cure to all ischemic strokes was at hand, and they simply treated all patients with stroke, irrespective, for example, of age, infarct size and comorbidity. Sometimes the neuroprotective treatment was administered one day after stroke onset, an obvious nonsense that was not justified by animal data. With these and other behaviors, clinicians lost the opportunity of neuroprotection by applying it to patients that were not apt to benefit from it. I was very happy in reading that.