Over the last decade, advances in tools and technologies—sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics—have provided opportunities for improving the collection of exposure-science information leading to the potential for better human health and ecosystem protection. Recognizing the need for a prospective examination of exposure science, the . Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences asked the National Research Council to perform an independent study to develop a long-range vision and a strategy for implementing the vision over the next 20 years