Three of the world’s greatest challenges over the coming decades will be biodiversity loss, climate change, and water shortages. Biodiversity loss will lead to the erosion of ecosystem services and will increase vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Climate change will lead to water scarcity, increased risk of crop failure, pest infestation, overstocking and permanent degradation of grazing lands and livestock deaths. Water shortages affect agricultural productivity, food security and human health. Impacts from these challenges are already imposing severe economic and social costs, and they are likely to get more severe as climate change continues, particularly affecting already vulnerable communities
