This textbook is intended for use in a one- or two-semester undergraduate course in materials science that is primarily populated by chemical and materials engineering students. This is not to say that biomedical, mechanical, electrical, or civil engineering students will not be able to utilize this text, nor that the material or its presentation is unsuitable for these students. On the contrary, the breadth and depth of the material covered here is equivalent to most “traditional” metallurgy-based approaches to the subject that students in these disciplines may be more accustomed to. In fact, the treatment of biological materials on the same level as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.