The Fourth Edition of Anesthesia is widely recognized as the most complete and thorough analysis and presentation available on the specialty of anesthesiology. The consulting editors and I examined the Fourth Edition carefully to ensure that the entire specialty of anesthesiology in the Fifth Edition is adequately addressed in a scholarly, thorough, and contemporary manner. Each author was instructed to revise his or her chapter in a manner that ensured its being a contemporary treatment of the subject matter being described. There are some modest changes in the subject matter and its reorganization in the Fifth Edition of Anesthesia. From a monitoring point of.