Trace element (iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, and molybdenum): chemical element that is needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient. | Vietnam National University HCMC International University The Role of Cofactor in Enzyme Catalysis Group’s members: Bùi Minh Phương Dương Hoàng Bảo Khánh Đoàn Võ Thùy Linh Ngô Lâm Viên Phùng Đan Tâm Đoàn Tây Nguyên Nguyễn Đức Thanh Long CONTENTS What is Cofactor? Classification Role of Cofactor in Enzyme Catalysis I. What is cofactor ? Non-protein chemical compound Organic group (coenzymes & prosthetic groups ) Inorganic group Help enzyme work but not have any chemical reaction to enzyme molecule. Holoenzyme: active (with cofactor ) Apoenzyme: inactive (without cofactor) Apoenzyme + Cofactor = Holoenzyme I. What is cofactor ? Cofactor need to get from outside environment -> can’t synthesize in body. One enzyme requires many cofactors . One cofactor can join with many enzyme. Lack of one cofactor will stop many metabolism pathways. I. What is cofactor ? II. Classification of cofactor Inorganic cofactors (metal ions). Organic cofactors: Coenzymes. Prosthetic groups. Table - Inorganic . | Vietnam National University HCMC International University The Role of Cofactor in Enzyme Catalysis Group’s members: Bùi Minh Phương Dương Hoàng Bảo Khánh Đoàn Võ Thùy Linh Ngô Lâm Viên Phùng Đan Tâm Đoàn Tây Nguyên Nguyễn Đức Thanh Long CONTENTS What is Cofactor? Classification Role of Cofactor in Enzyme Catalysis I. What is cofactor ? Non-protein chemical compound Organic group (coenzymes & prosthetic groups ) Inorganic group Help enzyme work but not have any chemical reaction to enzyme molecule. Holoenzyme: active (with cofactor ) Apoenzyme: inactive (without cofactor) Apoenzyme + Cofactor = Holoenzyme I. What is cofactor ? Cofactor need to get from outside environment -> can’t synthesize in body. One enzyme requires many cofactors . One cofactor can join with many enzyme. Lack of one cofactor will stop many metabolism pathways. I. What is cofactor ? II. Classification of cofactor Inorganic cofactors (metal ions). Organic cofactors: Coenzymes. Prosthetic groups. Table - Inorganic cofactors Ion Example of enzymes containing this ion Cupric Cytochrome oxidase Ferrous or Ferric Catalase Cytochrome(via Heme) Nitrogenase Hydrogenase Magnesium Glucose 6-phosphatase Hexokinase Manganese Arginase Molybdenum Nitrate reductase Nickel Urease Selenium Glutathione peroxidase Zinc Alcohol dehydrogenase Carbonic anhydrase DNA polymerase II. Classification of cofactor 1. Inorganic cofactors Such as: Mg2+, Cu+ or iron- sulfer clusters 2. Organic cofactors A. Coenzymes: Organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis. Loosely binding to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction. Such as: nicotine adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme A II. Classification of cofactor groups: Organic cofactors. Small organic molecules that can be tightly bound ( covalent bonding) to the enzyme and directly participate in the reaction . Such as: Biotin, Lipoic acid II. Classification of .
