This report considers the significance of the main urban pests and the medical conditions they create, as well as the resulting economic cost of the burden of disease, when data were available. It also proposes technical and policy options for governments that desire to implement adequate surveillance and contingency plans. The report is based on contributions from international experts in the fields of pests, pest- borne diseases and pest management, invited by the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn. The office acted as secretariat for the working group. WHO is very grateful for the contributions of these experts and believes that the recom- mendations in the.
