Until recently, surgical resection was considered the only option for treatment of kidney cancer, especially renal cell carcinoma. The disease is relatively resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and although alternative systemic therapies such as interleukin- 2 immunotherapy and interferon have shown promise, objective response rates are still quite low. Minimally invasive therapies have piqued the interest of researchers by showing significant improvements in treatment and management of kidney cancer. These techniques currently are seen as the most promising new approaches for treating renal cell carcinoma and its complications
