Research should focus on the development and production of new high-affinity, non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds as an alternative to antibodies or oligonucleotides. Projects should aim at developing new, efficient and safe therapies by combining high specificity with stable production characteristics. Projects should include preclinical studies, methods for scale-up and GMP as appropriate, should combine academic, clinical and industrial expertise and implement a translational approach towards clinical trials (clinical proof-of-concept and/or phase I/II clinical studies). A strong level of SME participation is required. Note: Limits on the EU financial contribution apply. These are implemented strictly as formal eligibility criteria. .