Genomics and other "omics” technologies have largely contributed to the identification and the development of biomarkers. Due to genetic causes of variability among individuals, genotyping and gene expression analysis are indeed key elements of the emergence of personalised medicine. However, genomic technologies have limitations (functional significance of genetic variants, false negatives, etc) and cannot encompass all approaches for the development of stratification biomarkers. A multiplex approach integrating various technologies (“omics”, phenotype studies, imaging, functional in vivo studies, etc.) should be privileged. Stratification biomarkers can be identified by several means in pre-clinical studies, epidemiological studies or clinical trials. Ideally, their.
