By 2020, a better molecular definition of “health” and “ill-health” will have been achieved and early markers that identify the transition between the two states will have been identified. This will be delivered by studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of both states and by studying the interplay between environmental factors to which the population is exposed and their genetic make-up. Classifying diseases at the genetic, molecular and cell functional levels will forge a stepwise change in a disease treatment and prevention that is already far advanced for some diseases, . the stratified treatment of some cancers has.