Since there are often several contributing causes of high prices and poor availability, a single policy response is unlikely to be sufficient. In order to effect real change and maximize impact, a comprehensive package of policy reforms, fully implemented and rigorously enforced, is usually needed. Monitoring the impact of policy reforms is vital, especially as all policies can have unintended effects. For example, mechanisms that set prices too low can discourage the production and stocking of a product, whereas setting maximum wholesale and retail mark-ups can provide the necessary incentive for supply chain agents to carry those higher-priced products that.
