Eight studies were found which addressed this question. These studies explored reflection in medical and health professions students, relating it to learning, professional identity development, and critical thinking. Sobral (2000) examined students’ reflection-in-learning as they began their clinical clerkship using a 10-item self-report questionnaire. The author compared 103 student participants in an elective experience with 91 non-randomized controls who did not par- ticipate. The mean reflection-in-learning score in the participant group was (SD ) of a possible 70; in the control group, the mean score was (SD ). Boenink et al. (2004) studied reflection in 195 4th year preclinical Dutch students who responded in writing to four.
