Through a literature overview and an examination of Aboriginal organizations traditional medicine policies and protocols, several central questions emerge. What is “traditional medicine” according to the literature and academics? What is a “traditional healer” and how do we identify a healer? How are existing Aboriginal organizations using traditional medicine and practitioners, and how does this compare to academic research? What are the emergent issues in the field of traditional medicine? In the spirit of plurality and diversity, we frame traditional medicine as a practice of healing that is valid and diverse. There is no intention to establish.