Indigenous literature on the topic of Indigenous medicine emphasizes the ties to land, language, and culture. The natural environment shapes the medical expertise and practices employed by each Indigenous group. For example, the Hopi knowledge of medicine for venomous snakebites would likely not be known or practised in the Northwest Territories; similarly, the Hopi might not have developed any medicines for frostbite. Battiste and Henderson articulate the cultural approach to knowledge applied by Indigenous people. The traditional ecological knowledge of Indigenous people is scientific, in the sense that it is empirical, experimental, and systematic. It differs in two important.
