There are different naming systems for the species and ingredients used. This guide documents the common (English) name, scientific (Latin) name, Chinese character, Chinese pinyin and Roman. Pinyin is the phonetic translation of Chinese characters and Roman text is the traditional pharmaceutical name given to the ingredients. Both pinyin and Roman are often used on traditional medicinal packaging in addition to the Chinese characters. In the tables the order of the ingredients is listed by common name (. bear). Each ingredient may also have numbers next to it, for example: tiger bone1 2 3 . These numbers give further information on how the ingredient is shown on.
