There are a number of tests that can be applied. Thin layer chromatography has proved successful in identifying bear gallbladder, bile, musk, cobra bile and agarwood. The costs, relia- bility and speed of testing vary greatly between different tests, laboratories and countries. Often this is dependent on the nature of the sample. Some techniques are commonly available in most laboratories, yet some are only possible in the few that have perfected the test. A hydroxyl appetite test can be used to determine the presence of bone, which has been used to indicate the presence of tiger or leopard bone but this is not conclusive
