This welcome volume is a collection of articles principally adapted from articles published in the Philosophical Transactions triennial issue. It very largely reflects the views of younger scientists, and highlights how the Earth Sciences continue to delight us with new ideas and controversies. Many of the authors are research fellows, or former research fellows, of the Royal Society, and the editors have successfully assembled an entertainingly eclec- tic mix. The book is divided into three sections covering Environmental Change, the Dynamics of the Earth, and Applied Earth Science, and the topics range from costing climate change, to the properties of the Earth’s core and objectively optimised Earth observation