The contribution of our paper to the existing literature is threefold. First, our work contributes to the large literature exploring the generation of abnormal returns by portfolio managers. In exploring beyond the abilities of mutual fund managers to generate trading profits in public markets, our work contributes to an emerging literature that attempts to generate a systematic view of how potential trading profits are made in alternative asset markets (see . Cochrane (2005), Kaplan and Schoar (2005), Ljungqvist and Richardson (2003), Gompers, Kovner, Lerner and Scharfstein (2008) in private equity and venture capital markets and Bond and Mitchell (2010) in real estate)
