On an increasingly capacity-constrained railway, and in particular on the main radial routes shared with long-distance services, one emerging option is for the introduction of a high- acceleration, higher-speed commuter EMU to make optimum use of route capacity without major route infrastructure spend. This EMU might be based on existing rolling stock types but could differ from it as well, depending on the capability and commercial terms that bidders negotiate with suppliers and financiers. A potential deployment is between Paddington and Oxford and Newbury; similar opportunities may exist on other strategic routes. Some development work on train/OLE6 interfaces.