In recognition of the fact that the potential for release of particulate plutonium and transplutonium alpha-emitting elements from nuclear power generation facilities poses questions concerning spatial distribution of dose and the resultant biological effects, the NCRP initiated a new NCRP activity concerned with alpha-emitting particles in lungs. It was not intended that a complete review of the subject would be prepared. On the other hand, the study was not to be directed exclusively to recently promulgated controversial proposals relating to standards for alpha-emitting, particles in the lung.