Third, this paper contributes detailed specifications of promising strategy designs, one of which vastly outperformed competitor strategies in an open stock-trading competition and exhibited consistent profitability under a variety of market conditions. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides the relevant technical background on the PXS simulator, our substrate domain. Section 3 charac- terizes prior research and points out the distinguishing features of this work. Section 4 discusses our approach to the automated stock-trading problem, explains our assump- tions, and details our experimental methodology. Sections 5–7 describe our three stock- trading strategies. Sections 8–10 present and analyze the experimental results, focusing, respectively, on individual evaluations,.