In 1899, the famous American psychologist, William James published a little book called Talks to Teachers , in which he sought to explain how to apply psychology to education — that is, he sought to use what he called “ the science of the mind ’ s workings ” to generate practical advice for classroom teachers. At the time, the book was not much of a success, largely for two reasons: (a) there was a lack of research evidence on how learning works (that is, the science of learning), and (b) there was a lack of research - based principles concerning how to help people learn (that is,.
