Focusing on furniture layout, Bukowski and S´ equin [1995] intro- duce “object association” constraints that are designed to facili- tate direct manipulation of furniture arrangements. For example, the user can constrain a bookshelf to slide along walls without penetration or separation. Xu et al. [2002] present a constraint- based furniture layout system that incorporates pairwise relation- ships which enforce stability, non-penetration, and alignment. Ger- mer and Schwarz [2009] describe an agent-based procedure for fur- niture layout. In contrast to these techniques, our approach is based on established layout guidelines employed by practicing interior designers. These guidelines include global criteria such as visual balance, which cannot be expressed as a collection of.
