A two-week Summer School on “Structures in Lie Theory, Crystals, Derived Functors, Harish-Chandra Modules, Invariants and Quivers” was held at Jacobs University Bremen during 9–22 August 2009 on both the geometric and algebraic aspects of Lie Theory. The participants were mainly from European countries with strong contingents from Germany, Russia, and Israel. Several high-level graduate courses were given, containing recent or original results on topics of particular current interest. The detailed notes of five of these lecture courses are reproduced in this volume. They not only provide a welcome reminder of the content of these courses to the participants, but enable all those who did not attend the.