The explosion of new technologies in the post-genomic era is allowing the study of biological systems on a genome-wide scale, at the main functional genomic levels: (epi)-genome, transcriptome, proteome, endo- and exometabolome, and their interactions. At the same time that these techniques are being applied and refined, the complexity of biological systems is being rediscovered (1) with thousands of components (., genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites) participating in finely tuned metabolic and regulatory networks. “Molecular pathways, rather than being linear, independent from or parallel to each other, are instead incredibly intertwined and form very complex biological networks. Phenotypes are probably more directly related to systems properties than they are.
