Strategic Approach: 1) Utilize high throughput genomic/genetic platforms to characterize genetic susceptibility biomarkers of childhood cancer/cancer stem cells and to identify targets for novel tumour stem cell-directed molecular therapeutics, 2) develop advanced mechanisms and ethical/regulatory guidelines to conduct population-based genetic/genomic studies in children, 3) link biobanks to high-throughput functional analysis of individual tumours to assess responses to drugs and growth factors, adverse reactions to treatment, long-term side effects of treatment, and genome-wide expression of coding and non-coding RNA. Global Context: While 78% of childhood cancers are curable, this number drops to .