Electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities are commonly seen in pediatric practice. Patientsmay present with nausea, vom- iting, diarrhea, decreased intake of fluids, irritability, leth- argy, weight loss, dry skin and mucus membranes, elevated pulse, seizures and coma. The most common cause of acid- base disorder in children is metabolic acidosis secondary to diarrheal dehydration; however, affected children may present with a very complex clinical picture, and treating physicians should be familiar with the intricacies of their diagnosis andmanagement. Severely affected patients should be referred immediately to a hospital where expert care can be delivered
