We identified three studies that tested interventions to improve patient adherence to established therapies for chronic disease management, but none of these three showed any effect on patient adherence. However, given the small sample sizes and the studies’ diverse outcome measures, we concluded that there was only low-grade evidence that interventions did not improve patient adherence. In contrast, we identified nine studies that examined the impact of interventions to improve pain management during vaso-occlusive crises, and we concluded that there was moderate evidence that interventions can overcome barriers to the use of pain medications. We also identified one study.
