Gas–liquid multiphase flows play an essential role in the workings of Nature and the enterprises of mankind. Our everyday encounter with liquids is nearly always at a free surface, such as when drinking, washing, rinsing, and cooking. Similarly, such flows are in abundance in industrial applications: heat transfer by boiling is the preferred mode in both conventional and nuclear power plants, and bubbledriven circulation systems are used in metal processing operations such as steel making, ladle metallurgy, and the secondary refining of aluminum and copper. A significant fraction of the energy needs of mankind is met by burning liquid fuel, and a liquid must evaporate before it burns
