The workshop summarized in this volume was the third international meeting in a series sponsored by the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to gather information from experts around the world on the threat of drugresistant tuberculosis (TB) and how it can be addressed. The workshop was held April 18-19 and 21, 2011, in New Delhi, India, in collaboration with the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)