The purpose of this technical note is to provide health professionals in United Nations agencies, non- governmental organizations, donor agencies and local authorities working with populations affected by emergencies with up-to-date technical guidance on the major communicable disease threats faced by the cyclone-affected population in Myanmar. The endemic and epidemic-prone diseases indicated have been selected on the basis of the burden of morbidity, mortality and epidemic potential in the area, as previously documented by WHO. The prevention and control of communicable diseases represent a significant challenge to those providing health-care services in this evolving situation