Significant enlargement of the clitoris may signify excess androgens and a likely adrenal or ovarian tumor. After child- birth, prolapse or scarring from an episiotomy may be present. Bartholin’s glands may swell and become palpable from a retention cyst, infection, or trauma. In elderly patients, a swollen Bartholin’s gland should raise the possibility of an underlying cancer. After menopause, atrophic changes may include a urethral caruncle, which appears as a cherry red polypoid mass extending from the urethral opening and represents prolapse of the ure- thral mucosa
