Similar MHC class II polymorphisms and T cell dysfunc- tions have been implicated in lupus,[127,128] and lower levels of free tryptophan[129] and MHC II protein over expression is also linked to autoimmune attack on beta cells in Type I diabetes (IDDM) [130]. Over expression of the MHC II following failure to select against self-reactive T-cells is also a useful model for rheumatoid arthritis, Graves disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in which T- cells react to proteins produced in the body, failing to dis- criminate them from invading organisms [131]. Women in whom estrogen-regulated serotonin signaling is com- promised would be expected to have higher levels of MHC class II protein expression and may.
