How can the obstacles to men’s participation be overcome? How can policy-makers and program managers encourage men’s participation? Most people who have studied the sub- ject agree that the two major avenues to increasing men’s participation are communication and advocacy. Through better communication, including a focus on men’s and women’s social roles—gender issues—and through advocacy efforts, men can become more aware of reproductive health care, service providers can become better able to reach men, and national leaders (most of whom are men) can do more to support reproductive health care