The four case-studies were selected from diverse geographic regions with contrasting political and sectoral structures. All are currently engaged in health-sector reform, and represent differing stages of progress towards a SWAp. The UNFPA and WHO country offices in each of the countries selected had participated in the project’s training course, and two of the four countries had received follow-on grants. The case-study of Senegal provided a point of continuity with the previous case-studies, and offered the longest experience with SWAps among the sites selected; Malawi gave insights into the challenge of strong central policy development and donor coordination in the.