In our second gambling experiment subjects were asked to make six choices. For each choice subjects had to select one of two decks of 10 cards. Unlike Bechara et al. experiment, subjects saw the payoffs from each of the ten cards in the pair of decks before making their selection. Once they decided which deck they wanted, the ten cards were shuffled and the subjects selected one card. In all six choices one of the two decks had a positive mean payoff, and the other deck had a nonpositive payoff. The deck with the positive average payoff had a.