Ensure that systems are kept up-to-date with patches. As a result of security testing, it may become necessary to patch many systems. Applying patches in a timely manner can sharply reduce the vulnerability exposure of an organization. Organizations should centralize their patching efforts so as to ensure that more systems are patched as quickly as possible and immediately tested. Look at the big picture. The results of routine testing may indicate that an organization should readdress its systems security architecture. Some organizations may need to step back and undergo a formal process of identifying.