Even when schools are free, poor children may be forced to leave in order to work. Children may need to provide extra house- hold income or care for younger siblings so that both parents can work outside the home. Conditional cash transfers have been used as effective incentives for parents to enrol their children in school in Latin America. Families receive money on the condition that their children attend school and go to health-care appointments (see Box 7, page 25). In addition, grants can go directly to teachers and to schools. In Nicaragua, teachers receive a small bonus for each child in the school, and half of the available.
