WHOís failure to eradicate malaria (after a significant victory over smallpox) revealed the interrelationship of health and infrastructure, culture, politics and economic stability. In addition, it demonstrated the imperative that health campaigns be culturally-sensitive and discredited the notion of magic bullets for the worldís disease burdens. Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) was created in 1971 by physicians dissatisfied with the inadequate efforts of WHO and the International Red Cross to address structural and political barriers that led to health crises. In 1977 WHO shifted from a disease- specific to a health-for-all approach. .
