When students move from the lecture hall to the microbiology laboratory, they need help bridging the gap between the theory and the practice of what they are learning. The equipment is unfamiliar, the procedures are unfamiliar, and many of the materials they are handling are unfamiliar. Linking the information from their classroom lectures to the laboratory procedures is necessary for their ultimate success. Our goal for this laboratory manual is to provide the bridge that helps students integrate their classroom lectures with their laboratory experiences. This integrated approach is the only way to ensure understanding and mastery in microbiology